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- Name : Carbon
- Symbol : C
- Atomic # : 6
- Atom weight: 12.011
- Melting P. : 3550
- Boiling P. : 4827
- Oxidation : +2, +4, -4
- Pronounced : KAR-ben
- From : Latin carbo, "charcoal"
- Identified : In many forms known in ancient times
- Appearance : Dense, Black
- Note : Allotropic forms include graphite and diamond
- Extremely important to life forms
-
- [Properties]
-
- Carbon heads the list of Group-IVA elements. Carbon combines very
- slowly with oxygen at room temperature. At moderately high temperature,
- however, carbon combines with oxygen quite readily. It can even be said
- that carbon becomes "oxygen hungry" at red-hot temperatures. Most
- metals can be reduced from their oxides simply by heating them in the
- presence of carbon. Iron, for example, is reduced from iron oxide by
- heating it in the presence of a form of carbon known as coke.
- Carbon has three well-known allotropic forms: amorphous, graphite,
- and diamond. Unlike the allotropic forms of most other elements, the
- transition from one form of carbon to another is not a simple matter of
- changing its temperature. The allotropes of carbon are originally
- formed under certain conditions of raw materials, pressure, temperature,
- and time. Once the allotropic form is set, it is extremely difficult to
- force the transition to a different form.
-